Cassinia x adunca

Cassinia × adunca

Asteraceae

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plant: Cassinia adunca DJD 3645 plant habitat The Bluff 2

plant: Cassinia adunca DJD 3645 plant habitat The Bluff

plant: Cassinia adunca DJD 3645 plant leaves The Bluff

plant: Cassinia adunca DJD 3645 plant The Bluff

plant: Cassinia adunca DJD leaves The Bluff

plant: Cassinia adunca pl Denzel Murfet Newland Head CP

flower: Cassinia adunca f Denzel Murfet Rosetta Head

flower: Cassinia x adunca fl Ron Taylor The Bluff

fruit: Cassinia x adunca fr inflorescence Ron Taylor The Bluff

fruit: Cassinia adunca DJD 3645 flower head The Bluff

seed: Cassinia adunca DJD 3645 seed The Bluff

seed: Cassinia adunca DJD 3645 seeds The Bluff

Regional Species Conservation Assessments per IBRA subregion.

Least concern

Near threatened

Rare

Vulnerable

Endangered

Critically endangered

Extinct

Data deficient

Adelaide

Arkaroola

Ceduna

Coober Pedy

Hawker

Innamincka

Marla

Marree

Mount Gambier

Oodnadatta

Renmark

Wudinna

Keith

Yunta

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Etymology

Cassinia named after Alexandre-Henri Gabriel de Cassini (1782-1832), a French botanist who published extensively on the Compositae. Adunca from Latin meaning hooked.

Distribution and status

Endemic to South Australia and found on Kangaroo Island and the Fleurieu peninsula, growing on sea cliffs. There are a few records from inland in the southern Lofty Ranges which maybe missed identified. Native. Rare in South Australia.
Herbarium regions: Southern Lofty, Kangaroo Island, Green Adelaide
AVH map: SA distribution map (external link)

Plant description

This species is considered a hybrid of and intermediate between C. complanata and C. tegulata. It is a low-growing shrub with crowded leaves prominently tomentose beneath and branchlets roughened by the decurrent leaf bases. Inflorescences dense clusters at end of stems, with white, greenish based flowers. Fruits are light cream, dense round daisy-head. Seeds are creamy white cylindrical seed to 1 mm long and 0.4 mm wide; smooth with long white pappus at one end. Seed embryo type is spatulate.

Seed collection and propagation

Collect heads that are matured,golden brown and contain brown seeds. Place the heads in a tray for one to two week to dry. Then rub the heads gently with your hands to dislodge the seeds. Use a sieve to separate any unwanted material. Viable seeds will be small and brown. Store the seeds with a desiccant such as dried silica beads or dry rice, in an air tight container in a cool and dry place. Seeds are non-dormant, viable seed should germinate readily.

Seeds stored:

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Location	No. of seeds (weight grams)	Number of plants	Date collected	Collection number Collection location	Date stored	% Viability	Storage temperature
BGA	28,000 (2.45 g)	100+	23-Jun-2017	DJD3645 Southern Lofty	1-Nov-2017	15%	+5°C, -18°C, -80°C
BGA	38,800 (3.3 g)	100+	23-Jun-2017	DJD3645 Southern Lofty	30-Jun-2018	15%	-18°C

Location: BGA — the seeds are stored at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, MSB — the seeds are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew, England.
Number of plants: This is the number of plants from which the seeds were collected.
Collection location: The Herbarium of South Australia's region name.
% Viability: Percentage of filled healthy seeds determined by a cut test or x-ray.

Germination table:

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Date	Result	T0	T50	Pre-treatment \| Germination medium \| Incubator: Photoperiod / Thermoperiod
May-17	50%	21	35	leached in water 24 h; 1% agar; 12/12; / 20Â°C
May-17	47%	21	NA	leached in water 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions
May-17	37%	21	NA	leached in water 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under summer conditions
May-17	33%	21	NA	500 mg/L gibberellic acid for 24 h; 1% agar; 12/12; / 10Â°C
May-17	27%	21	NA	leached in water 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
May-17	23%	21	NA	leached in water 24 h; 1% agar; 12/12; / 10Â°C
May-17	13%	21	NA	500 mg/L gibberellic acid for 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under summer conditions
May-17	13%	21	NA	500 mg/L gibberellic acid for 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions
May-17	6%	21	NA	500 mg/L gibberellic acid for 24 h; 1% agar; 12/12; / 20Â°C
May-17	3%	21	NA	500 mg/L gibberellic acid for 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions

Result: Maximum percentage of germination observed.
T0: Number of days before first germinant observed.
T50: Number of days to achieve 50% germination.
Pre-treatment: The initial treatment that the seeds received prior to placement on germination media.
Germination medium: The substrate that seeds were placed on for the duration of the germination experiment.
Incubator conditions:
Photoperiod: The duration of light exposure that the seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Thermoperiod: The constant or diurnal temperatures that seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Winter conditions: 15°C 20 h (3am→11pm); 5°C 4 h (11pm→3am) / 10 h light (8am→6pm); 14 h dark (6pm→8am)
Spring/Autumn conditions: 22°C 12 h (8am→8pm); 10°C 12 h (8pm→8am) / 12 h light (8am→8pm); 12 h dark (8pm→8am)
Summer conditions: 30°C 14 h (6am→8pm); 15°C 10 h (8pm→6am) / 14 h light (6am→8pm); 10 h dark (8pm→6am)

Kangaroo Island (KAN01)	Kanmantoo	Rare (IUCN: )
Fleurieu (KAN02)		Rare (IUCN: )