Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa

Asteraceae

Silver Daisy-bush

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plant: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa plant leaves Finniss Oval Reserve

plant: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa 23 3 plant

plant: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa Finniss collection Mt Lofty Nursery

plant: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa Finniss provenance Mt Lofty Nursery

plant: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa 23 2 plant habitat

plant: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa lf DEM9659 Hanson Scrub CP

plant: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa lf under DEM9659 Hanson Scrub CP

flower: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa flower

flower: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa 23 6 flower

flower: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa 23 5 flowers

flower: Oleara pannosa ssp. pannosa flower bud Mt Lofty Nursery Matt Coulter

flower: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa capitulum Finniss Oval Reserve

fruit: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa seedhead Finniss Oval Reserve

fruit: Olearia pannosa ssp pannosa flowers (DJD 37)

fruit: Olearia pannosa ssp pannosa Finniss Oval

seed: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa CS02 Seed

seed: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa DJD3249 seed closeup

dissected seed: Olearia panossa ssp panossa DJD572 Viable Seed

seedling: Olearia pannosa ssp. pannosa DJD3249 germinating seed

seedling: Olearia pannosa sdling DEM9190 Coombe

seedling: Olearia pannosa sdlng DEM9190 Coombe

Regional Species Conservation Assessments per IBRA subregion.

Least concern

Near threatened

Rare

Vulnerable

Endangered

Critically endangered

Extinct

Data deficient

Adelaide

Arkaroola

Ceduna

Coober Pedy

Hawker

Innamincka

Marla

Marree

Mount Gambier

Oodnadatta

Renmark

Wudinna

Keith

Yunta

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IBRA regions

LEGEND

SUMMARY

Mount Gambier (SVP02)	Southern Volcanic Plain	Critically Endangered (IUCN: CR D) [slow germination]
Bridgewater (NCP01)	Naracoorte Coastal Plain	Critically Endangered (IUCN: CR D) [(no records) T Horn knows of pop]
Lucindale (NCP03)		Endangered (IUCN: EN D) [highly localised, in Big Heath, Desert Camp]
Tintinara (NCP04)		Vulnerable (IUCN: VU B2ab(ii,iii)) (Probable Decline)
Kangaroo Island (KAN01)	Kanmantoo	Endangered (IUCN: EN D) [checked by H Vonow, in rocky gully, 1 disjunct pop. ]
Fleurieu (KAN02)		Vulnerable (IUCN: VU D2) [endemic to SA; mainly in box woodland; likes heavy soils & limestone; small pops; bridal creeper a threat; clonal; LAP groups doing replanting]
Mount Lofty Ranges (FLB01)	Flinders Lofty Block	Endangered (IUCN: EN D) [endemic to SA; mainly in box woodland; likes heavy soils & limestone; small pops; bridal creeper a threat; clonal; LAP groups doing replanting; declining in Parawirra]
Broughton (FLB02)		Vulnerable (IUCN: VU C2a(i)) (Probable Decline) [Fragmented populations]
Olary Spur (FLB03)		Endangered (IUCN: EN C2a(i)) (Probable Decline)
Southern Flinders (FLB04)		Vulnerable (IUCN: VU C2a(i)) (Probable Decline) [Fragmented populations]
Southern Yorke (EYB01)	Eyre Yorke Block	Endangered (IUCN: EN C2a(i)) (Probable Decline) [Small fragmented populations, confined to roadsides and cemetaries.]
St Vincent (EYB02)		Endangered (IUCN: EN C2a(i)) (Probable Decline) [Fragmented populations]
Eyre Hills (EYB03)		Rare (IUCN: RA d(ii)) (Probable Decline)
Murray Mallee (MDD02)	Murray Darling Depression	Vulnerable (IUCN: VU B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Probable Decline) [potentially overrated; edge of range]
Murray Lakes and Coorong (MDD03)		Endangered (IUCN: EN B2ab(ii,iii); D ) (Probable Decline) [on roadsides around Goolwa, slow germinator]

IBRA regions

LEGEND

DISPLAY ALL

Mount Gambier (SVP02)	Southern Volcanic Plain	Critically Endangered (IUCN: CR D) [slow germination]
3 of 4 subregions	Naracoorte Coastal Plain	Vulnerable , Endangered , Critically Endangered
2 of 2 subregions	Kanmantoo	Vulnerable , Endangered
4 of 6 subregions	Flinders Lofty Block	Vulnerable , Endangered
3 of 5 subregions	Eyre Yorke Block	Rare , Endangered
2 of 6 subregions	Murray Darling Depression	Vulnerable , Endangered

Botanical art

Kath Alcock paintings: 3

Prior names

Steetzia pannosa

Aster pannosus

Eurybia pannosa

Common names

Silver Daisy-bush

Etymology

Olearia named after Johann Gottfried ï¿½lschlï¿½ger (1603-1671), 17th century German horticulturist and author of a flora of Halle in Germany (his name was latinized to Olearius). Alternatively, it maybe from the Latin 'olearius' pertaining to oil, from 'olea', for olive tree; alluding to the first named species resembling the olive.

Distribution and status

Endemic to South Australia and found scattered in the southern part using on road sides and with few individuals. Native. Rare in South Australia.
Herbarium regions: Flinders Ranges, Eyre Peninsula, Northern Lofty, Murray, Yorke Peninsula, Southern Lofty, Kangaroo Island, South Eastern, Green Adelaide
AVH map: SA distribution map (external link)

Plant description

Spreading undershrub or shrub to 1.5m high, producing root suckers. Stems woody at least at the base, branched with appressed hairs. Leaves with petioles to 15mm long, broad-ovate to elliptic, acute to shallowly cordate at the base, acute to obtuse at the apex, to 9cm long and 5cm wide, prominently reticulate-veined, dark green and shiny above and white- to rusty-tomentose below with margins flat. Flower head solitary, terminal and in the upper leaf axils, on long stalk to 30cm long often with 1 or 2 reduced leaves. Flowers large, white rarely pale-mauve daisy with a yellow centre. Fruits are large fluffy daisy heads containing numerous seeds. Seeds are striated, semi-flat, brown to dark red achenes to 8mm long and 2mm wide covered in white hairs and with a pale yellow pappus bristles to 10mm long. Seed embryo type is spatulate fully developed.

Seed collection and propagation

Collect seeds between October and December. Collect heads that are large and fluffy. Either pick off the whole heads or use your finger and pull off the seeds from the head. Mature seeds will come off easily. Place the heads in a tray for a week to dry. No cleaning is required if only pure seeds are collected. If heads are collected, then rub the heads gently with your hands to dislodge the seeds. Viable seeds will be fat and hard. Store the seeds with a desiccant such as dried silica beads or dry rice, in an air tight container in a cool and dry place. From twelve collections, the seed viability were low to average, ranging from 15% to 70%. Seeds can be heavily predated. Viable seeds should be fat, hard and a dark red brown colour. Seeds are non-dormant, viable seed should germinate readily.

Seeds stored:

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Location	No. of seeds (weight grams)	Number of plants	Date collected	Collection number Collection location	Date stored	% Viability	Storage temperature
BGA	2,250 (14.5 g)	40	18-Nov-2004	DJD37 Southern Lofty	31-Mar-2006	N/C	-18°C
BGA	1,650 (10.67 g)	30	1-Dec-2004	DJD55 South Eastern	31-Mar-2006	N/C	-18°C
BGA MSB	1,400 (9 g) 1,400 (9 g)	40	1-Dec-2004	DJD56 South Eastern	31-Mar-2006	70%	-18°C
BGA	5,500 (28.88 g)		23-Nov-2005	CSO2 Murray	14-Sep-2006	65%	+5°C, -18°C
BGA	4,000 (12.91 g)		6-Dec-2005	CSO1 Southern Lofty	14-Sep-2006	15%	+5°C, -18°C
BGA	1,600 (8.31 g)		12-Dec-2005	TJ3 Yorke Peninsula	14-Sep-2006	15%	+5°C, -18°C
BGA	11,900 (50.1 g)	30+	30-Dec-2005	KHB33 Flinders Ranges	14-Sep-2006	15%	+5°C, -18°C
BGA	3,600 (15.88 g)		6-Dec-2005	CSO3 Southern Lofty	14-Sep-2006	30%	+5°C, -18°C
BGA	1,100 (3.06 g)	4	18-Oct-2006	DJD602 Yorke Peninsula	1-Aug-2007	15%	-18°C
BGA	2,800 (10.85 g)		18-Oct-2006	DJD572 Yorke Peninsula	1-Aug-2007	65%	+5°C, -18°C
BGA	5,000 (22.42 g)	3	17-Oct-2006	DJD595 Yorke Peninsula	1-Aug-2007	45%	+5°C, -18°C
BGA	6,300 (24.25 g)		25-Nov-2010	DJD2054 Southern Lofty	1-Nov-2012	34%	-18°C
BGA	4,700 (14.7 g)		14-Nov-2008	T.Jury Yorke Peninsula	1-Jan-2016	40%	-18°C
BGA	19,600 (69.6 g)	30+	12-Nov-2015	DJD3249 Southern Lofty	2-May-2017	55%	+5°C, -18°C, -80°C
BGA	19,000 (75.41 g)	8	24-Oct-2018	DJD3804 Yorke Peninsula	24-Apr-2019	5%	-18°C
BGA	560 (4.320 g)	15	12-Oct-2020	KHB1028 South Eastern	28-Jun-2021	90%	-18°C
BGA	5,500 (21.140 g)	1	1-Dec-2020	K.H.Brewer Southern Lofty	7-Jul-2022	65%	-18°C

Location: BGA — the seeds are stored at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, MSB — the seeds are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew, England.
Number of plants: This is the number of plants from which the seeds were collected.
Collection location: The Herbarium of South Australia's region name.
% Viability: Percentage of filled healthy seeds determined by a cut test or x-ray.

Germination table:

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Date	Result	T0	T50	Pre-treatment \| Germination medium \| Incubator: Photoperiod / Thermoperiod
Jul-16	87%	14	28	500 mg/L gibberellic acid 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions
Jun-12	82%	18	18	1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions
Jun-12	78%	18	18	1% agar with 100 mg/L potassium nitrate; Incubated under winter conditions
Jun-12	76%	18	18	1% agar with 100 mg/L potassium nitrate; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Jul-16	70%	21	28	leached in water 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions
Jun-12	70%	18	18	1% agar with 250 mg/L gibberellic acid (pH 6.5); Incubated under winter conditions
Jun-12	56%	18	18	1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Jun-12	42%	18	NA	1% agar with 250 mg/L gibberellic acid (pH 6.5); Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Jul-16	27%	21	NA	500 mg/L gibberellic acid 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Jul-16	20%	35	NA	leached in water 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Mar-15	10%	14	NA	250 mg/L gibberellic acid 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions
Mar-15	8%	14	NA	1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Mar-15	6%	14	NA	1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions
Mar-15	2%	14	NA	250 mg/L gibberellic acid 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Mar-15	0%	NA	NA	250 mg/L gibberellic acid 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under summer conditions
Mar-15	0%	NA	NA	1% agar; Incubated under summer conditions

Result: Maximum percentage of germination observed.
T0: Number of days before first germinant observed.
T50: Number of days to achieve 50% germination.
Pre-treatment: The initial treatment that the seeds received prior to placement on germination media.
Germination medium: The substrate that seeds were placed on for the duration of the germination experiment.
Incubator conditions:
Photoperiod: The duration of light exposure that the seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Thermoperiod: The constant or diurnal temperatures that seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Winter conditions: 15°C 20 h (3am→11pm); 5°C 4 h (11pm→3am) / 10 h light (8am→6pm); 14 h dark (6pm→8am)
Spring/Autumn conditions: 22°C 12 h (8am→8pm); 10°C 12 h (8pm→8am) / 12 h light (8am→8pm); 12 h dark (8pm→8am)
Summer conditions: 30°C 14 h (6am→8pm); 15°C 10 h (8pm→6am) / 14 h light (6am→8pm); 10 h dark (8pm→6am)