Prostanthera eurybioides

Lamiaceae

Monarto Mintbush

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plant: Prostanthera eurybioides Monarto plants

plant: Prostanthera eurybioides on J Boland Property 2

plant: Prostanthera eurybidoides p Denzel Murfet Mt Monster CP

flower: Prostanthera eurybioides flowers J Boland Property 2

flower: Prostanthera eurybioides flowers J Boland Property 1

flower: Prostanthera eurybidoides f Denzel Murfet Mt Monster CP

flower: Prostanthera eurybidoides fl Denzel Murfet Mt Monster CP

fruit: Prostanthera eurybioides dry flower heads with seed 2

seed: Prostanthera eurybioides CSO4 seed

seed: Prostanthera eurybioides Seeds J. Boland Property

Regional Species Conservation Assessments per IBRA subregion.

Least concern

Near threatened

Rare

Vulnerable

Endangered

Critically endangered

Extinct

Data deficient

Adelaide

Arkaroola

Ceduna

Coober Pedy

Hawker

Innamincka

Marla

Marree

Mount Gambier

Oodnadatta

Renmark

Wudinna

Keith

Yunta

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Botanical art

Kath Alcock paintings: 4

Etymology

Prostanthera from the Greek 'prostheke' meaning an appendage and 'anthera' meaning anther; referring to the spur-like appendage of the anther. Eurybioides means resembling the genus Eurybia (Eurybia is the daughter of Pontus and Gaea, and a sea goddess in Greek mythology); referring to its habit which resembles that of Eurybia lepidophylla.

Distribution and status

Endemic to South Australia and found in two disjunct locations near Montato in the Murrayland and Keith in the upper south-east, growing on granite outcrops on sandy loam soils in Eucalyptus mallee woodland. Native. Very rare in South Australia.
Herbarium regions: Murray, South Eastern
NRM regions: South Australian Murray-Darling Basin, South East
AVH map: SA distribution map (external link)

Plant description

Low spreading shrub to 1 m high with branches covered in dense curled long hairs. hairy branches. Leaves clustered on short shoots, elliptic to ovate, to 2.5 mm long and 2 mm wide, thick, glabrous or sparsely hairy, base obtuse to rounded, margin entire, apex obtuse. Inflorescence solitary in leave axis with pale purple tubular-shaped flowers with brown or orange spots on the inside. Flowering between August and November. Fruits are dark brown woody capsule to 2.4 mm long mm long, with up to four segments, surround by the calyx. Seeds are brown oblong seed to 2.2 mm long and 1 mm wide, with a large plug at one end. Seed embryo type is spatulate fully developed.

Seed collection and propagation

Collect seeds between November and January. Collect capsules that are fat and turning brown, either individually or by running your fingers along a stem with numerous capsules.

The collection and storage of seeds for this threatened species in 2016, which is potentially impacted by the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi, was supported through funding from the Australian Government’s Threat abatement plan for disease in natural ecosystems caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. A total of three populations occurring in native remnant vegetation on private property in the Monarto region were collected and banked (25,000+ seeds). A sample of this collection will be used to propagate 1,500 plants for a recovery project in 2018 with the support of Natural Resources SA Murray-Darling Basin. Place the capsules in a tray and leave to dry for one to two weeks. Then rub the capsules gently with a rubber bung to dislodge the seeds. Use a sieve to separate the unwanted material. Store the seeds with a desiccant such as dried silica beads or dry rice, in an air tight container in a cool and dry place. From five collections, the seed viability were high, at 100%. This species has physiological dormancy that needs to be overcome for the seed to germinate.

Seeds stored:

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Location	No. of seeds (weight grams)	Number of plants	Date collected	Collection number Collection location	Date stored	% Viability	Storage temperature
BGA	700 (4.16 g)	12	18-Nov-2004	PJA86 Murray	28-Mar-2006		-18°C
BGA	1,000 (0.96 g)	35	17-Jan-2006	PJA121 Murray	1-Aug-2007	100%	-18°C
BGA MSB	13,200 (19.04 g) 13,200 (19.04 g)	80	30-Dec-2004	DJD53 South Eastern	1-Aug-2007		-18°C
BGA	4,800 (4.8 g)	40	24-Nov-2006	CSO5 South Eastern	1-Aug-2007	100%	+5°C, -18°C
BGA	4,400 (6.3 g)	40	11-Dec-2006	PJA147 South Eastern	1-Aug-2007	100%	+5°C, -18°C
BGA	8,470 (9.32 g)	50	24-Nov-2006	CSO4 South Eastern	1-Aug-2007	100%	+5°C, -18°C
BGA	11,300 (10.69 g)	30	13-Dec-2016	P. Giles Property Murray	1-Nov-2017	90%	+5°C, -18°C, -80°C
BGA	6,000 (6.5 g)	2	13-Dec-2016	Kinchina CP Murray	1-Nov-2017	75%	+5°C, -18°C, -80°C
BGA	8,500 (8.3 g)	40	13-Dec-2016	J. Boland's property Murray	1-Nov-2017	65%	+5°C, -18°C, -80°C
BGA	8,400 (8.442 g)	18	17-Jan-2022	D170122.1MU Murray	7-Jul-2022	86%	-18°C, -80°C
BGA	2,800 (2.655 g)	18	17-Jan-2022	D170122.2MU Murray	7-Jul-2022	84%	-18°C
BGA	2,800 (2.600 g)	30+	17-Feb-2023	D170223MU Murray	20-Jun-2023		-18°C

Location: BGA — the seeds are stored at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, MSB — the seeds are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew, England.
Number of plants: This is the number of plants from which the seeds were collected.
Collection location: The Herbarium of South Australia's region name.
% Viability: Percentage of filled healthy seeds determined by a cut test or x-ray.

Germination table:

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Date	Result	T0	T50	Pre-treatment \| Germination medium \| Incubator: Photoperiod / Thermoperiod
Sep-13	85%	14	42	dry heat 80Â°C oven 10 min, 30% hydrogen peroxide 10 min, water rinse, 500 mg/L gibberellic acid + 10% smoke water 24 h; filter paper over moist sand; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Sep-13	85%	14	42	dry heat 80Â°C oven 10 min, 30% hydrogen peroxide 10 min, water rinse, 500 mg/L gibberellic acid 24 h; filter paper over moist sand; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Sep-13	80%	28	63	dry heat 80Â°C oven 10 min, 30% hydrogen peroxide 10 min, water rinse, 10% smoke water 24 h; filter paper over moist sand; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Aug-13	75%	14	42	30% hydrogen peroxide 10 min, water rinse, 500 mg/L gibberellic acid 24 h; filter paper over moist sand; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Aug-17	74%	21	35	dry heat 80Â°C oven for 10 min, 30% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min, water rinse, 500 mg/L gibberellic acid for 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Aug-13	65%	7	14	dry heat 80Â°C oven 10 min, 30% hydrogen peroxide solution 10 min, water rinse, remove plug; filter paper over moist sand; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Aug-13	50%	42	56	dry heat 100Â°C oven 2 min, 30% hydrogen peroxide 10 min, water rinse, 10% smoke water 24 h; filter paper over moist sand; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Aug-13	50%	28	70	dry heat 100Â°C oven 2 min, 30% hydrogen peroxide solution 10 min, water rinse, 500 mg/L gibberellic acid 24 h; filter paper over moist sand; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Sep-13	40%	28	NA	dry heat 80Â°C oven 10 min, 30% hydrogen peroxide 10 min, water rinse; filter paper over moist sand; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Aug-13	15%	42	NA	dry heat 100Â°C oven 2 min, 30% hydrogen peroxide 10 min, water rinse; filter paper over moist sand; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Aug-13	0%	NA	NA	30% hydrogen peroxide 10 min, water rinse, leached in water 7 d; filter paper over moist sand; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions

Result: Maximum percentage of germination observed.
T0: Number of days before first germinant observed.
T50: Number of days to achieve 50% germination.
Pre-treatment: The initial treatment that the seeds received prior to placement on germination media.
Germination medium: The substrate that seeds were placed on for the duration of the germination experiment.
Incubator conditions:
Photoperiod: The duration of light exposure that the seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Thermoperiod: The constant or diurnal temperatures that seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Winter conditions: 15°C 20 h (3am→11pm); 5°C 4 h (11pm→3am) / 10 h light (8am→6pm); 14 h dark (6pm→8am)
Spring/Autumn conditions: 22°C 12 h (8am→8pm); 10°C 12 h (8pm→8am) / 12 h light (8am→8pm); 12 h dark (8pm→8am)
Summer conditions: 30°C 14 h (6am→8pm); 15°C 10 h (8pm→6am) / 14 h light (6am→8pm); 10 h dark (8pm→6am)

Tintinara (NCP04)	Naracoorte Coastal Plain	Vulnerable (IUCN: VU D2) [only at Mt Monster; some recruitment due to intensive man'ment, ~1,000 plants]
Fleurieu (KAN02)	Kanmantoo	Endangered (IUCN: EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Probable Decline) [lots of research on this sp; likes granite outcrops; climate sensitive; has been some translocations back into this area, not all successful]
Murray Mallee (MDD02)	Murray Darling Depression	Endangered (IUCN: EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Definite Decline) [very little recruitment]