Caladenia richardsiorum

Orchidaceae

Little Dip Spider-orchid

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plant: Caladenia richardsiorum fl CDickson Lankys Well (3)

plant: Caladenia richardsiorum fl CDickson Lankys Well (4)

plant: Caladenia richardsiorum fl CDickson Lankys Well (1)

plant: Caladenia richardsiorum lf DEM8927 Potters Scrub CP

flower: Caladenia richardsiorum fl CDickson Lankys Well (5)

flower: Caladenia richardsiorum fl CDickson Nora Creina

flower: Caladenia richardsiorum fl CDickson Lankys Well (6)

flower: Caladenia richardsiorum fl CDickson Lankys Well (2)

flower: Caladenia richardsiorum f DEM8927 Potters Scrub CP

flower: Caladenia richardsiorum sepal tip DEM8927 Potters Scrub CP

seed: Caladenia richardsiorum Rivoli Bay Seeds R

Regional Species Conservation Assessments per IBRA subregion.

Least concern

Near threatened

Rare

Vulnerable

Endangered

Critically endangered

Extinct

Data deficient

Adelaide

Arkaroola

Ceduna

Coober Pedy

Hawker

Innamincka

Marla

Marree

Mount Gambier

Oodnadatta

Renmark

Wudinna

Keith

Yunta

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Botanical art

Kath Alcock paintings: 3

Prior names

Calonemorchis richardsiorum

Arachnorchis richardsiorum

Calonema richardsiorum

Caladenia aff. hastata (Nicholls)Rupp

Caladenia sp. A

Common names

Little Dip Spider-orchid

Etymology

Caladenia from the Greek 'callos' meaning beauty and 'aden' meaning a gland; referring to the colourful labellum and the glistening glands at the base of the column that adorn many of the species. Richardsiorum named in honour of Helen and Barry Richards of Victoria for their dedication and unerring quest for improved knowledge on the propagation and cultivation of Australian terrestrial orchids.

Distribution and status

Endemic to South Australia and found only in the lower South-east, growing in coastal vegetation. Native. Very rare in South Australia. Endangered in Australia under the EPBC Act.
Herbarium region: South Eastern
AVH map: SA distribution map (external link)

Plant description

Annual terrestrial orchid growing from an underground tuber to 40 cm high with a single flower and a single lanceolate leaf to 22 cm long. Flower is yellow green up to 40 mm wide. Sepals have prominent but short black clubs 8-10 mm long. The labellum is is greenish-cream has maroon calli and toothed margins. Flowering between September and November. Fruits are brown papery ellipsoid capsule. Seeds are very small brown ellipsoid seed with a long translucent brown mesh-like covering.

Seed collection and propagation

Collect seeds between December and February. Collect fat capsules as they start to dry and turn brown. Pods will split and release the seeds quickly and will require monitoring. To increase the chances of collecting mature pods, it is recommended that a small breathable bag (ie. Organza bags) be used to enclose the developing capsules. Place the capsules in a container that will hold fine seeds and leave to dry for a few weeks or until the capsule split. Then carefully hold the capsule and tap it gently to release the seeds. Store the seeds with a desiccant such as dried silica beads or dry rice, in an air tight container in a cool and dry place, a refrigerator, or in liquid nitrogen. For the NVC South East Orchid Project six populations consisting of more than 700 individuals in total were recorded from Rivoli Bay, Nora Creina, Cullen Reserve, Lankys Well, Teeluk and Little Dip Conservation Park. Approximately 2,500,000 seeds (1.5 g) were banked from these six populations. Seed viability ranged from 68% to 90%. Seed germination in Caladenia species is difficult without compatible mycorrhizal fungi.

Seeds stored:

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Location	No. of seeds (weight grams)	Number of plants	Date collected	Collection number Collection location	Date stored	% Viability	Storage temperature
MSB	593,100 (0.15 g)			Marcia Lorenz South Eastern		81%
		1 pod	7-Nov-2007	C. Dickson South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
		1 pod	7-Nov-2007	C. Dickson South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
		1 pod	26-Oct-2007	C. Dickson South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
		1 pod	26-Oct-2007	C. Dickson South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
		1 pod	9-Nov-2007	C. Dickson South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
		2 pods	26-Nov-2007	C. Dickson South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			5-Nov-2002	V. Natt Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
BGA	230,000 (0.138 g)	12 pods		Oisin Sweeny South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	81%	-80°C
BGA	220,000 (0.123 g)	4 pods		Oisin Sweeny South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	90%	-80°C
		3 pods	27-Nov-2007	D. Hinchliffe South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			5-Nov-2002	V. Natt Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			5-Nov-2002	V. Natt Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			5-Nov-2002	V. Natt Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			5-Oct-2002	V. Natt Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			5-Nov-2002	V. Natt Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
		1 pod	27-Nov-2007	D. Hinchliffe South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
		1 pod	21-Nov-2007	D. Hinchliffe South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
BGA	250,000 (0.149 g)	21 pods	4-Jul-2005	C. Dickson South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	79%	-80°C
BGA	490,000 (0.294 g)	29 pods	4-Jul-2005	C. Dickson South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	89%	-80°C
		1 pod	9-Nov-2007	C. Dickson South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
BGA	380,000 (0.224 g)	26 pods	4-Jul-2005	C. Dickson South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	85%	-80°C
BGA	320,000 (0.192 g)	29 pods	4-Jul-2005	C. Dickson South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	68%	-80°C
		2 pods	21-Nov-2007	D. Hinchliffe South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			21-Nov-2007	D. Hinchliffe South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			21-Nov-2007	D. Hinchliffe South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
		1 pod	9-Nov-2007	C. Dickson South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
BGA	350,000 (0.211 g)	7 pods		Oisin Sweeny South Eastern	1-Nov-2016	80%	-80°C

Location: BGA — the seeds are stored at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, MSB — the seeds are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew, England.
Number of plants: This is the number of plants from which the seeds were collected.
Collection location: The Herbarium of South Australia's region name.
% Viability: Percentage of filled healthy seeds determined by a cut test or x-ray.

Bridgewater (NCP01)	Naracoorte Coastal Plain	Vulnerable (IUCN: VU D2) [hybridising]
Murray Lakes and Coorong (MDD03)	Murray Darling Depression	Endangered (IUCN: EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Probable Decline) [some taxonomic issues; hybridising; JNiejalke has more records for Coorong; highly localised]