Gratiola pumilo

Plantaginaceae

Dwarf Brooklime

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plant: Gratiola pumilo p DEM10271 Meereek Flora Reserve

plant: Gratiola pumilo lf DEM10271 Meereek Flora Reserve

plant: Gratiola pumilo lf rear DEM10271 Meereek Flora Reserve

flower: Gratiola pumilo f DEM10271 Meereek Flora Reserve

flower: Gratiola pumilo fl DEM10271 Meereek Flora Reserve

flower: Gratiola pumilo flr DEM10271 Meereek Flora Reserve

seed: Gratiola pumilo seed Sugar Shack Wetland complex

seed: Gratiola pumilo seeds Sugar Shack Wetland complex

dissected seed: Gratiola pumilo DJD2117 5X Longitudinal cut

dissected seed: Gratiola pumilo DJD2117 5X Transverse cut

Regional Species Conservation Assessments per IBRA subregion.

Least concern

Near threatened

Rare

Vulnerable

Endangered

Critically endangered

Extinct

Data deficient

Adelaide

Arkaroola

Ceduna

Coober Pedy

Hawker

Innamincka

Marla

Marree

Mount Gambier

Oodnadatta

Renmark

Wudinna

Keith

Yunta

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Botanical art

Kath Alcock paintings: 2

Prior names

Gratiola peruviana var. pumila

Gratiola sexdentata, questionably

Gratiola pumila, orth.var.

Etymology

Latin 'gratia dei' grace of god, medieval name for the species Gratiola officinalis used in medicine and Latin 'pumilio' a dwarf

Distribution and status

Grows in seasonally inundated, damp ground Rare
Herbarium regions: Murray, Southern Lofty, South Eastern
NRM regions: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australian Murray-Darling Basin, South East
AVH map: SA distribution map (external link)

Plant description

Small, slender, erect, rarely decumbent perennial herb, 4-35 cm high. Leaves narrow-ovate to narrow-ovate-elliptic, 0.5-2.5 x 0.1-0.8 cm; sessile, glabrous or with scattered, tiny to coarse, eglandular hairs. Flowers single in bract axils; corolla to 7ï¿½9 mm long, white, sparsely hairy. Flowering November - January, April. Fruits are capsule broad-ovoid, 2.7-6 mm long, topped by the caducous style 1.5-1.8 mm long Seeds are seed oblong-cylindrical, reticulate, dark brown, 0.4-0.7 mm long

Seed collection and propagation

Collect seeds between November and January.

Seeds stored:

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Location	No. of seeds (weight grams)	Number of plants	Date collected	Collection number Collection location	Date stored	% Viability	Storage temperature
MSB	22,000 (1.37 g)	50+	16-Jan-2006	DJD396 South Eastern
BGA	54,000 (1.31 g)	100+	21-Jan-2011	J.Quarmby Southern Lofty	1-Jan-2012	95%	-18°C
BGA	133,000 (2.57 g)	50+	21-Jan-2011	DJD2117 Southern Lofty	1-Jan-2012	90%	+5°C, -18°C
BGA	36,000 (0.38 g)	10	28-Nov-2011	MJT360 Murray	1-Nov-2012	90%	-18°C

Location: BGA — the seeds are stored at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, MSB — the seeds are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew, England.
Number of plants: This is the number of plants from which the seeds were collected.
Collection location: The Herbarium of South Australia's region name.
% Viability: Percentage of filled healthy seeds determined by a cut test or x-ray.

Germination table:

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Date	Result	T0	T50	Pre-treatment \| Germination medium \| Incubator: Photoperiod / Thermoperiod
Jul-11	96%	8	8	1% agar with 250 mg/L gibberellic acid (pH 6.5); Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Jul-11	90%	14	14	1% agar with 250 mg/L gibberellic acid (pH 6.5); Incubated under winter conditions
Jul-11	88%	14	14	1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions
Jul-11	76%	14	14	1% agar with 100 mg/L potassium nitrate; Incubated under winter conditions
Jul-11	72%	8	14	1% agar with 100 mg/L potassium nitrate; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Jul-11	62%	8	14	1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions

Result: Maximum percentage of germination observed.
T0: Number of days before first germinant observed.
T50: Number of days to achieve 50% germination.
Pre-treatment: The initial treatment that the seeds received prior to placement on germination media.
Germination medium: The substrate that seeds were placed on for the duration of the germination experiment.
Incubator conditions:
Photoperiod: The duration of light exposure that the seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Thermoperiod: The constant or diurnal temperatures that seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Winter conditions: 15°C 20 h (3am→11pm); 5°C 4 h (11pm→3am) / 10 h light (8am→6pm); 14 h dark (6pm→8am)
Spring/Autumn conditions: 22°C 12 h (8am→8pm); 10°C 12 h (8pm→8am) / 12 h light (8am→8pm); 12 h dark (8pm→8am)
Summer conditions: 30°C 14 h (6am→8pm); 15°C 10 h (8pm→6am) / 14 h light (6am→8pm); 10 h dark (8pm→6am)

Glenelg Plain (NCP02)	Naracoorte Coastal Plain	Vulnerable (IUCN: VU B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Probable Decline) [habitat specific]
Lucindale (NCP03)		Vulnerable (IUCN: VU B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Definite Decline)
Kangaroo Island (KAN01)	Kanmantoo	Data Deficient [checked Bill Barker]
Fleurieu (KAN02)		Endangered (IUCN: EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Probable Decline) [annual; needs lots of water; climate sensitive; spraying a threat, stock]
Mount Lofty Ranges (FLB01)	Flinders Lofty Block	Endangered (IUCN: EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Probable Decline) [annual; needs lots of water; climate sensitive; 3 known pops Mt Crawford area]
Murray Mallee (MDD02)	Murray Darling Depression	Vulnerable (IUCN: VU B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Probable Decline)
Lowan Mallee (MDD04)		Vulnerable (IUCN: VU D2)
Wimmera (MDD05)		Endangered (IUCN: EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Probable Decline) [could be gone]
Murray Scroll Belt (RIV06)	Riverina	Vulnerable (IUCN: VU B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Definite Decline) [comes up after floods]