Plants of
South Australia
Casuarina pauper
Casuarinaceae
Black Oak,
Belah
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Botanical art

Kath Alcock paintings: 6

Prior names

Casuarina obesa

Casuarina cristata ssp. pauper

Casuarina lepidophloia

Common names

Black Oak

Belah

Etymology

Casuarina was first used by Rumphius (1743) in allusion to the supposed resemblance of the "foliage" of Casuarina equisetifolia to the plumage of the Cassowary, which is from the Malay 'kesuari', later being Latinised as Casuarius. Pauper from Latin meaning poor, referring to the depauperate habit of the species compared with Casuarina cristata, written in Ferdinand von Mueller's hand writing on the holotype.

Distribution and status

Found across much of South Australia, except on southern Eyre Peninsula, Kangaroo Island and the South-east growing in red-brown soils with light-textured topsoil and calcareous subsoil. Also found in Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. Native. Common in South Australia. Uncommon in Queensland. Common in the other States.
Herbarium regions: North Western, Lake Eyre, Nullarbor, Gairdner-Torrens, Flinders Ranges, Eastern, Eyre Peninsula, Northern Lofty, Murray, Yorke Peninsula
AVH map: SA distribution map (external link)

Plant description

Greyish trees to 15 m high, sometimes suckering from roots. Stem (looks like leaves) mostly spreading, to 25 cm long with stem segments (articles) to 17 mm long and 1.8 mm diameter; strongly waxy, shortly and densely pubescent, ribs flat or with slight median groove. Teeth (reduced leaves) 9–13, spreading or recurved on new shoots. Male spikes to 3 cm long, golden. Cones on peduncle to to 14 mm long, subglobular or cylindrical with cone body to 22 mm long and 15 mm diameter. Fruits are golden brown woody cylindrical cone with numerous large protruding valves. Seeds are yellow-brown ovoid seed to 8 mm long and 3 mm wide, including the thin papery wing. Seed embryo type is investing.

Seed collection and propagation

Collect seeds between January and December. Cones can be collected anytime as mature cones remain on the female plant. Collect cones that have closed valves from the lower part of the stem as these are more mature. Place cones in a tray and leave to dry for 2-3 weeks. This will allow the valves to dry and open releasing the seeds. Place the dried cones in a bucket and shake gently to dislodge the seeds. Use a sieve to separate seeds from the unwanted material. Store the seeds with a desiccant such as dried silica beads or dry rice, in an air tight container in a cool and dry place. Seeds are non-dormant, viable seed should germinate readily.

Seeds stored:
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LocationNo. of seeds
(weight grams)
Number
of plants
Date
collected
Collection number
Collection location
Date
stored
% ViabilityStorage
temperature
 
MSB

2,600 (3.79 g)
2511-Sep-2008TST489
Eyre Peninsula
75%
Location: BGA — the seeds are stored at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, MSB — the seeds are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew, England.
Number of plants: This is the number of plants from which the seeds were collected.
Collection location: The Herbarium of South Australia's region name.
% Viability: Percentage of filled healthy seeds determined by a cut test or x-ray.