Lemon Beauty-heads
Display all 14 images
Regional Species Conservation Assessments per IBRA subregion.


Least concern
Near threatened
Rare
Vulnerable
Endangered
Critically endangered
Extinct
Data deficient
Adelaide
Arkaroola
Ceduna
Coober Pedy
Hawker
Innamincka
Marla
Marree
Mount Gambier
Oodnadatta
Renmark
Wudinna
Keith
Yunta
Display IBRA region text
Bridgewater (NCP01) | Naracoorte Coastal Plain | Vulnerable (IUCN: VU D2) [records not databased] |
Lucindale (NCP03) | | Vulnerable (IUCN: VU D2) (Probable Decline) |
Fleurieu (KAN02) | Kanmantoo | Rare (IUCN: RA d(ii)) [limited habitat; probably declining] |
Mount Lofty Ranges (FLB01) | Flinders Lofty Block | Near Threatened (Probable Decline) [P Lang: in decline; grassy woodland sp] |
Broughton (FLB02) | | Least Concern |
Olary Spur (FLB03) | | Near Threatened (Probable Decline) [edge of range] |
Southern Flinders (FLB04) | | Near Threatened (Probable Decline) |
Central Flinders (FLB06) | | Rare (IUCN: RA d(i,ii)) [highly localised; limited habitat] |
Southern Yorke (EYB01) | Eyre Yorke Block | Data Deficient |
St Vincent (EYB02) | | Data Deficient |
Eyre Hills (EYB03) | | Vulnerable (IUCN: VU D2) |
Murray Mallee (MDD02) | Murray Darling Depression | Rare (IUCN: RA d(i,ii)) (Probable Decline) [edge of range] |
Lowan Mallee (MDD04) | | Rare (IUCN: RA d(i,ii)) [edge of range] |
Wimmera (MDD05) | | Near Threatened (Probable Decline) [stronghold for SE] |
2 of 4 subregions | Naracoorte Coastal Plain | Vulnerable |
Fleurieu (KAN02) | Kanmantoo | Rare (IUCN: RA d(ii)) [limited habitat; probably declining] |
5 of 6 subregions | Flinders Lofty Block | Least Concern , Near Threatened , Rare |
3 of 5 subregions | Eyre Yorke Block | Vulnerable , Data Deficient |
3 of 6 subregions | Murray Darling Depression | Near Threatened , Rare |
Botanical art
Kath Alcock paintings: 4
Etymology
Calocephalus from the Greek 'kalos' meaning beautiful and 'kephale' meaning a head, referring to the colourful compound heads. Citreus from Latin meaning of or pertaining to the citron-tree, referring to the lemon-yellow flower colour.
Distribution and status
Found in the southern part of South Australia from the northern Flinders Ranges to the South-east growing in clay or loam soils in grassland or open woodland. Also found in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Native. Common in South Australia. Rare in Queensland and Tasmania. Common in the other States.
Herbarium regions: Flinders Ranges, Eastern, Eyre Peninsula, Northern Lofty, Murray, Yorke Peninsula, Southern Lofty, South Eastern, Green Adelaide
NRM regions: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges, Eyre Peninsula, Northern and Yorke, South Australian Arid Lands, South Australian Murray-Darling Basin, South East
AVH map: SA distribution map (external link)
Plant description
Perennial herb with slender, erect branches to 60 cm high, felt-like, light grey. Leaves mostly opposite, linear to lanceolate, to 20 mm long and 2 mm wide; tomentose, often sheathing at base; upper leaves smaller, sometimes alternate, usually appressed to stem. Daisy heads globular to oblong, bright golden yellow. Flowering between November and May. Fruits are dense round pale yellow head. Seeds are three-sided brown seed to 1.5 mm long and 0.8 mm wide with a tuberculate surface. Seed embryo type is spatulate.
Seed collection and propagation
Collect seeds between February and April. Collect heads that are matured, pale yellow, a bit spongy and contain brown seeds. Place the heads in a tray for one to two week to dry. Then rub the heads gently with your hands to dislodge the seeds. Use a sieve to separate any unwanted material. Viable seeds will be small and brown. Store the seeds with a desiccant such as dried silica beads or dry rice, in an air tight container in a cool and dry place. Seed viability is usually high. Seeds are non-dormant, viable seed should germinate readily.
Location | No. of seeds (weight grams) | Number of plants | Date collected | Collection number Collection location | Date stored | % Viability | Storage temperature | BGA | 27,100 (1.97 g) | 50+ | 13-Feb-2006 | HPV3020 South Eastern | 14-Sep-2006 | 100% | -18°C |
BGA MSB | 20,000 (1.86 g) 20,000 (1.86 g) | 100+ | 4-Feb-2006 | KHB52 Flinders Ranges | 14-Sep-2006 | 95% | -18°C |
BGA | 42,000 (2.89 g) | 40+ | 10-Mar-2011 | DJD1792 South Eastern | 1-Jan-2012 | 100% | -18°C |
BGA | 101,000 (8.31 g) | 50+ | 25-Feb-2016 | DJD3338 Southern Lofty | 2-May-2017 | 100% | -18°C |
BGA | 20,000 (2.22 g) | 50+ | 23-Feb-2016 | DJD3336 Southern Lofty | 2-May-2017 | 100% | -18°C |
Location: BGA — the seeds are stored at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, MSB — the seeds are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew, England.
Number of plants: This is the number of plants from which the seeds were collected.
Collection location: The Herbarium of South Australia's region name.
% Viability: Percentage of filled healthy seeds determined by a cut test or x-ray.
Germination table:
Display
Date | Result | T0 | T50 | Pre-treatment | Germination medium | Incubator: Photoperiod / Thermoperiod |
Jul-16 | 100% | 7 | 7 |
500 mg/L gibberellic acid 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions |
Jul-16 | 92% | 7 | 7 |
leached in water 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions |
Jul-16 | 48% | 28 | NA |
leached in water 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions |
Jul-16 | 40% | 7 | NA |
500 mg/L gibberellic acid 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions |
Result: Maximum percentage of germination observed.
T0: Number of days before first germinant observed.
T50: Number of days to achieve 50% germination.
Pre-treatment: The initial treatment that the seeds received prior to placement on germination media.
Germination medium: The substrate that seeds were placed on for the duration of the germination experiment.
Incubator conditions:
Photoperiod: The duration of light exposure that the seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Thermoperiod: The constant or diurnal temperatures that seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Winter conditions: 15°C 20 h (3am→11pm); 5°C 4 h (11pm→3am) / 10 h light (8am→6pm); 14 h dark (6pm→8am)
Spring/Autumn conditions: 22°C 12 h (8am→8pm); 10°C 12 h (8pm→8am) / 12 h light (8am→8pm); 12 h dark (8pm→8am)
Summer conditions: 30°C 14 h (6am→8pm); 15°C 10 h (8pm→6am) / 14 h light (6am→8pm); 10 h dark (8pm→6am)