Plants of
South Australia
Panaetia muelleri
Asteraceae
Small Copper-wire Daisy
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Regional Species Conservation Assessments per IBRA subregion.
Least concern
Near threatened
Rare
Vulnerable
Endangered
Critically endangered
Extinct
Data deficient
Adelaide
Arkaroola
Ceduna
Coober Pedy
Hawker
Innamincka
Marla
Marree
Mount Gambier
Oodnadatta
Renmark
Wudinna
Keith
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Prior names

Podolepis muelleri

Etymology

Panaetia is named for the stoic philosopher, Panaetius of Rhodes. Muelleri named after Baron Ferdinand von Mueller (1825-1896), botanist, plant collector and Government Botanist of Victoria.

Distribution and status

Found mainly in the Flinders Ranges and the Mount Lofty Ranges, growing on coastal cliffs and on stony sites in woodland and grassland further inland. Also found in New South Wales and Victoria. Native. Very rare in South Australia. Very rare in Victoria. Common in New South Wales.
Herbarium regions: Flinders Ranges, Northern Lofty, Yorke Peninsula, Southern Lofty, Green Adelaide
NRM regions: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges, Northern and Yorke, South Australian Arid Lands
AVH map: SA distribution map (external link)

Plant description

Small annual to 22 cm high, with woolly to glabrescent, reddish, wiry stems that are sparsely branching. Leaves woolly with basal leaves dying early. Stem leaves lanceolate to 4 cm long and clasping the stem. Involucral bracts with linear glandular claws and broad ovate, smooth lamina to 4 mm long. Florets pale yellow to yellow. Flowering between August and October. Fruits are white fluffy daisy-head. Seeds are brown ovoid seed to 2.5 mm long and 1 mm wide, smooth with few short feathered-like pappus at one end. Seed embryo type is spatulate fully developed.

Seed collection and propagation

Collect seeds between September and December. Collect heads that are fluffy. Either pick off the whole heads or use your finger and pull off the seeds from the head. Mature seeds will come off easily. Place the heads in a tray for a week to dry. No cleaning is required if only pure seeds are collected. If heads are collected, then rub the heads gently with your hands to dislodge the seeds. Viable seeds will be fat and hard. Use a sieve to separate the unwanted material. Store the seeds with a desiccant such as dried silica beads or dry rice, in an air tight container in a cool and dry place. From eight collections, the seed viability was high, ranging from 90% to 100%.

Seeds stored:
  Hide
LocationNo. of seeds
(weight grams)
Number
of plants
Date
collected
Collection number
Collection location
Date
stored
% ViabilityStorage
temperature
BGA1,100 (0.42 g)1005-Aug-2007KHB74
Flinders Ranges
19-Sep-200890%+5°C, -18°C
BGA14,600 (6.47 g)500+8-Oct-2007KHB89
Flinders Ranges
19-Sep-2008100%+5°C, -18°C
BGA 
MSB
5,700 (2.44 g)
5,700 (2.44 g)
200+13-Sep-2007PJL2560
Flinders Ranges
19-Sep-2008100%+5°C, -18°C
BGA13,700 (5.19 g)1-Jan-2011JQ107
Southern Lofty
1-Jan-2012100%+5°C, -18°C
BGA2,300 (0.77 g)150+10-Oct-2014KHB849
Southern Lofty
1-Jan-2016100%-18°C
BGA11,700 (4.78 g)500+10-Oct-2014KHB848
South Eastern
1-Jan-2016100%-18°C
BGA64,000 (35 g)800+13-Sep-2015KHB869
Flinders Ranges
2-May-2017100%+5°C, -18°C, -80°C
BGA31,000 (20.39 g)200+29-Nov-2016DJD3587
Flinders Ranges
1-Nov-2017100%+5°C, -18°C, -80°C
Location: BGA — the seeds are stored at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, MSB — the seeds are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew, England.
Number of plants: This is the number of plants from which the seeds were collected.
Collection location: The Herbarium of South Australia's region name.
% Viability: Percentage of filled healthy seeds determined by a cut test or x-ray.