Picris squarrosa

Regional Species Conservation Assessments per IBRA subregion.

Least concern

Near threatened

Rare

Vulnerable

Endangered

Critically endangered

Extinct

Data deficient

Adelaide

Arkaroola

Ceduna

Coober Pedy

Hawker

Innamincka

Marla

Marree

Mount Gambier

Oodnadatta

Renmark

Wudinna

Keith

Yunta

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Greek 'pikros' sharp, pungent and Latin 'squarrosus' scabby bot, having overlapping leaves or bracts that are pointed or recurved

On coastal dunes, alluvium along rivers, and disturbed ground elsewhere Rare
Herbarium regions: Murray, Southern Lofty, Green Adelaide
NRM regions: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australian Murray-Darling Basin
AVH map: SA distribution map (external link)

Erect biennial or perennial 20ï¿½80 cm high. Basal leaves elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, 6-22 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, hispidulous to hispid; cauline leaves lanceolate to linear decreasing in size up the stem. Inflorescence a loose terminal corymb, heads 5-9mm in diameter. Florest bisexual, with ligules 5ï¿½8 mm long, yellow. Flowering July - December. Fruits are achene 7-9 mm long, narrowed towards the apex but never filiform-beaked, ribbed, brown to yellowish; pappus bristles cream, mostly 7-9 mm long

Location	No. of seeds (weight grams)	Number of plants	Date collected	Collection number Collection location	Date stored	% Viability	Storage temperature
BGA	1,900 (2.55 g)	40	27-Mar-2012	DJD2349 Murray	1-Nov-2012	66%	-18°C

Location: BGA — the seeds are stored at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, MSB — the seeds are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew, England.
Number of plants: This is the number of plants from which the seeds were collected.
Collection location: The Herbarium of South Australia's region name.
% Viability: Percentage of filled healthy seeds determined by a cut test or x-ray.

Date	Result	T0	T50	Pre-treatment \| Germination medium \| Incubator: Photoperiod / Thermoperiod
Jun-13	90%	6	6	1% agar with 250 mg/L gibberellic acid (pH 6.5); Incubated under winter conditions
Jun-13	88%	6	6	1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Jun-13	86%	6	6	1% agar with 250 mg/L gibberellic acid (pH 6.5); Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Jun-13	84%	6	6	1% agar with 100 mg/L potassium nitrate; Incubated under winter conditions
Jun-13	80%	6	6	1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions
Jun-13	78%	6	6	1% agar with 100 mg/L potassium nitrate; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions

Result: Maximum percentage of germination observed.
T0: Number of days before first germinant observed.
T50: Number of days to achieve 50% germination.
Pre-treatment: The initial treatment that the seeds received prior to placement on germination media.
Germination medium: The substrate that seeds were placed on for the duration of the germination experiment.
Incubator conditions:
Photoperiod: The duration of light exposure that the seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Thermoperiod: The constant or diurnal temperatures that seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Winter conditions: 15°C 20 h (3am→11pm); 5°C 4 h (11pm→3am) / 10 h light (8am→6pm); 14 h dark (6pm→8am)
Spring/Autumn conditions: 22°C 12 h (8am→8pm); 10°C 12 h (8pm→8am) / 12 h light (8am→8pm); 12 h dark (8pm→8am)
Summer conditions: 30°C 14 h (6am→8pm); 15°C 10 h (8pm→6am) / 14 h light (6am→8pm); 10 h dark (8pm→6am)

Fleurieu (KAN02)	Kanmantoo	Endangered (IUCN: EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Probable Decline) [highly localised]
Mount Lofty Ranges (FLB01)	Flinders Lofty Block	Endangered (IUCN: EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Probable Decline) [4 old records; only recorded around Pt Noarlunga]
St Vincent (EYB02)	Eyre Yorke Block	Endangered (IUCN: EN D) (Definite Decline) [Weedy looking plant, growing on coast. Threatened by coastal development.]
Murray Mallee (MDD02)	Murray Darling Depression	Rare (IUCN: RA d(i,ii)) (Probable Decline) [restricted to river]
Murray Scroll Belt (RIV06)	Riverina	Rare (IUCN: RA ab) (Probable Decline) [river spp]