Small Copper-wire Daisy
Regional Species Conservation Assessments per IBRA subregion.
Least concern
Near threatened
Rare
Vulnerable
Endangered
Critically endangered
Extinct
Data deficient
Adelaide
Arkaroola
Ceduna
Coober Pedy
Hawker
Innamincka
Marla
Marree
Mount Gambier
Oodnadatta
Renmark
Wudinna
Keith
Yunta
Display IBRA region text
Mount Lofty Ranges (FLB01) | Flinders Lofty Block | Endangered (IUCN: EN B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Probable Decline) [highly restricted to coast around Aldinga Scrub/Sellicks; coastal development & urbanisation threats] |
Broughton (FLB02) | | Critically Endangered (IUCN: CR D) (Probable Decline) [Likes stony sites. Needs more survey work.] |
Olary Spur (FLB03) | | Data Deficient [Data deficient] |
Southern Flinders (FLB04) | | Vulnerable (IUCN: VU C1) (Probable Decline) [Likes stony sites. Needs more survey work.] |
Central Flinders (FLB06) | | Vulnerable (IUCN: VU B2ab(iii)) (Probable Decline) [habitat severely degraded] |
St Vincent (EYB02) | Eyre Yorke Block | Regionally Extinct [Old records, pre 1910. Presumed extinct.] |
Etymology
Podolepis from the Greek 'podos' meaning foot and 'lepis' meaning a scale; referring to the stalked involucral bracts. Muelleri named after Baron Ferdinand von Mueller (1825-1896), botanist, plant collector and Government Botanist of Victoria.
Distribution and status
Found mainly in the Flinders Ranges and the Mount Lofty Ranges, growing on coastal cliffs and on stony sites in woodland and grassland further inland. Also found in New South Wales and Victoria. Native. Very rare in South Australia. Very rare in Victoria. Common in New South Wales.
Herbarium regions: Flinders Ranges, Northern Lofty, Yorke Peninsula, Southern Lofty, Green Adelaide
NRM regions: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges, Northern and Yorke, South Australian Arid Lands
AVH map: SA distribution map (external link)
Plant description
Small annual to 22 cm high, with woolly to glabrescent, reddish, wiry stems that are sparsely branching. Leaves woolly with basal leaves dying early. Stem leaves lanceolate to 4 cm long and clasping the stem. Involucral bracts with linear glandular claws and broad ovate, smooth lamina to 4 mm long. Florets pale yellow to yellow. Flowering between August and October. Fruits are white fluffy daisy-head. Seeds are brown ovoid seed to 2.5 mm long and 1 mm wide, smooth with few short feathered-like pappus at one end. Seed embryo type is spatulate fully developed.
Seed collection and propagation
Collect seeds between September and December. Collect heads that are fluffy. Either pick off the whole heads or use your finger and pull off the seeds from the head. Mature seeds will come off easily. Place the heads in a tray for a week to dry. No cleaning is required if only pure seeds are collected. If heads are collected, then rub the heads gently with your hands to dislodge the seeds. Viable seeds will be fat and hard. Use a sieve to separate the unwanted material. Store the seeds with a desiccant such as dried silica beads or dry rice, in an air tight container in a cool and dry place. From eight collections, the seed viability was high, ranging from 90% to 100%.
Location | No. of seeds (weight grams) | Number of plants | Date collected | Collection number Collection location | Date stored | % Viability | Storage temperature | BGA | 14,600 (6.47 g) | 500+ | 8-Oct-2007 | KHB89 Flinders Ranges | 19-Sep-2008 | 100% | +5°C, -18°C |
BGA | 1,100 (0.42 g) | 100 | 5-Aug-2007 | KHB74 Flinders Ranges | 19-Sep-2008 | 90% | +5°C, -18°C |
BGA MSB | 5,700 (2.44 g) 5,700 (2.44 g) | 200+ | 13-Sep-2007 | PJL2560 Flinders Ranges | 19-Sep-2008 | 100% | +5°C, -18°C |
BGA | 13,700 (5.19 g) | | 1-Jan-2011 | JQ107 Southern Lofty | 1-Jan-2012 | 100% | +5°C, -18°C |
BGA | 2,300 (0.77 g) | 150+ | 10-Oct-2014 | KHB849 Southern Lofty | 1-Jan-2016 | 100% | -18°C |
BGA | 11,700 (4.78 g) | 500+ | 10-Oct-2014 | KHB848 South Eastern | 1-Jan-2016 | 100% | -18°C |
BGA | 64,000 (35 g) | 800+ | 13-Sep-2015 | KHB869 Flinders Ranges | 2-May-2017 | 100% | +5°C, -18°C, -80°C |
BGA | 31,000 (20.39 g) | 200+ | 29-Nov-2016 | DJD3587 Flinders Ranges | 1-Nov-2017 | 100% | +5°C, -18°C, -80°C |
Location: BGA — the seeds are stored at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, MSB — the seeds are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew, England.
Number of plants: This is the number of plants from which the seeds were collected.
Collection location: The Herbarium of South Australia's region name.
% Viability: Percentage of filled healthy seeds determined by a cut test or x-ray.
Germination table:
Display
Date | Result | T0 | T50 | Pre-treatment | Germination medium | Incubator: Photoperiod / Thermoperiod |
Jun-14 | 100% | 9 | 9 |
1% agar with 250 mg/L gibberellic acid; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions |
Jun-14 | 100% | 9 | 9 |
1% agar with 250 mg/L gibberellic acid; Incubated under winter conditions |
Jun-14 | 88% | 9 | 9 |
1% agar with 100 mg/L potassium nitrate; Incubated under winter conditions |
Jun-14 | 79% | 9 | 9 |
1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions |
May-17 | 56% | 7 | 21 |
500 mg/L gibberellic acid for 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions |
May-17 | 53% | 7 | 21 |
500 mg/L gibberellic acid for 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions |
Jun-14 | 46% | 9 | NA |
1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions |
Jun-14 | 45% | 9 | NA |
1% agar with 100 mg/L potassium nitrate; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions |
Jul-16 | 7% | 7 | NA |
leached in water 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions |
Jul-16 | 7% | 21 | NA |
leached in water 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions |
Jul-16 | 3% | 42 | NA |
500 mg/L gibberellic acid 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions |
Jul-16 | 0% | NA | NA |
500 mg/L gibberellic acid 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions |
Result: Maximum percentage of germination observed.
T0: Number of days before first germinant observed.
T50: Number of days to achieve 50% germination.
Pre-treatment: The initial treatment that the seeds received prior to placement on germination media.
Germination medium: The substrate that seeds were placed on for the duration of the germination experiment.
Incubator conditions:
Photoperiod: The duration of light exposure that the seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Thermoperiod: The constant or diurnal temperatures that seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Winter conditions: 15°C 20 h (3am→11pm); 5°C 4 h (11pm→3am) / 10 h light (8am→6pm); 14 h dark (6pm→8am)
Spring/Autumn conditions: 22°C 12 h (8am→8pm); 10°C 12 h (8pm→8am) / 12 h light (8am→8pm); 12 h dark (8pm→8am)
Summer conditions: 30°C 14 h (6am→8pm); 15°C 10 h (8pm→6am) / 14 h light (6am→8pm); 10 h dark (8pm→6am)