Rorippa laciniata

Brassicaceae

Jagged Bitter-cress,

Perennial Marsh Cress

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plant: Rorippa laciniata DJD3093 plant Hope Forest

plant: Rorippa laciniata DJD3093 plant Hope Forest1

plant: Rorippa laciniata DJD3093 plant habit Hope Forest

plant: Rorippa laciniata DJD3093 plant leaf Hope Forest

plant: Rorippa laciniata plant habit Meadows Creek

flower: Rorippa laciniata DJD3093 flower Hope Forest1

fruit: Rorippa laciniata DJD3093 fruit Hope Forest

fruit: Rorippa laciniata DJD3093 fruits Hope Forest

seed: Rorippa laciniata DJD3093 seed Hope Forest

seed: Rorippa laciniata DJD3093 seeds Hope Forest

dissected seed: Rorippa laciniata DJD1501 longitudinal cut

dissected seed: Rorippa laciniata DJD1501 excised embryo

dissected seed: Rorippa laciniata DJD1501 transverse cut

dissected seed: Rorippa laciniata DJD3324 Cut Test 90%

Regional Species Conservation Assessments per IBRA subregion.

Least concern

Near threatened

Rare

Vulnerable

Endangered

Critically endangered

Extinct

Data deficient

Adelaide

Arkaroola

Ceduna

Coober Pedy

Hawker

Innamincka

Marla

Marree

Mount Gambier

Oodnadatta

Renmark

Wudinna

Keith

Yunta

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Botanical art

Kath Alcock painting: 1

Prior names

Nasturtium laciniatum

Cardamine laciniata

Common names

Jagged Bitter-cress

Perennial Marsh Cress

Etymology

Rorippa possible from the Latinised form of 'Rorippen', a Saxon vernacular name used by Euricius Cordus or from the Latin 'roro' meaning to be moist and 'ripa' meaning riverbank; referring to the genus habitat in moist places. Laciniata from the Latin 'lacinia' meaning divided into narrow or slender lobes; referring to the leaves.

Distribution and status

Found in the southern Mount Lofty Ranges and along the Murray River in South Australia, growing in moist to wet habitats. Also found in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. Native. Rare in South Australia. Common in the other states.
Herbarium regions: Murray, Southern Lofty, Green Adelaide
NRM regions: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australian Murray-Darling Basin
AVH map: SA distribution map (external link)

Plant description

Perennial herb to 40 cm high, ascending to erect. Leaves mostly basal, petiolate, usually linear-lanceolate, pinnately lobed, or toothed or entire, to 10 cm long, with scattered, short marginal hairs, stem leaves few and narrow. Inflorescence terminal cluster with white flowers. Flowers throughout the year. Fruits are long brown pod to 45 mm long and 2 mm wide, style to 2 mm long. Seeds are brown flat oblong seeds to 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide. Seed embryo type is bent.

Seed collection and propagation

Collect seeds between January and May. Collect maturing pods those turning pale brown with orange seeds inside. Be gentle with the pods as they split open easily. Place the pods in a tray and cover with paper to prevent seeds from popping out and leave to dry for a week. Then rub the dried pods gently by hand to dislodge the seeds. Use a sieve to separate the unwanted material. Store the seeds with a desiccant such as dried silica beads or dry rice, in an air tight container in a cool and dry place. From three collections, the seed viability were high, ranging from 80% to 100%.

Seeds stored:

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Location	No. of seeds (weight grams)	Number of plants	Date collected	Collection number Collection location	Date stored	% Viability	Storage temperature
BGA	2,870 (0.37 g)	50+	18-Feb-2009	DJD1501 Southern Lofty	20-Jul-2009	80%	-18°C
BGA MSB	6,500 (1.65 g) 8,000 (2.05 g)	20	12-Mar-2010	TST920 Southern Lofty	1-Jun-2010	100%	-18°C
BGA	19,500 (4.08 g)	50+	2-Jan-2015	DJD3093 Southern Lofty	1-Jan-2016	65%	-18°C
BGA	5,400 (1.42 g)	50+	16-May-2016	DJD3324 Southern Lofty	2-May-2017	90%	+5°C, -18°C, -80°C
BGA	6,700 (1.480 g)	20+	4-Mar-2021	DJD4014 Southern Lofty	28-Jun-2021	95%	-18°C, -80°C
BGA	10,700 (1.896 g)	20+	4-Jan-2022	TST1488 Southern Lofty	7-Jul-2022	50%	-18°C
BGA	1,620 (0.350 g)	30+	2-Feb-2022	DJD4101 Southern Lofty	7-Jul-2022	95%	-18°C
BGA	8,650 (2.288 g)	50+	8-Mar-2023	BKB226 Southern Lofty	20-Jun-2023	100%	-18°C, -80°C

Location: BGA — the seeds are stored at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, MSB — the seeds are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew, England.
Number of plants: This is the number of plants from which the seeds were collected.
Collection location: The Herbarium of South Australia's region name.
% Viability: Percentage of filled healthy seeds determined by a cut test or x-ray.

Germination table:

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Date	Result	T0	T50	Pre-treatment \| Germination medium \| Incubator: Photoperiod / Thermoperiod
Jul-16	100%	7	7	leached in water 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions

Result: Maximum percentage of germination observed.
T0: Number of days before first germinant observed.
T50: Number of days to achieve 50% germination.
Pre-treatment: The initial treatment that the seeds received prior to placement on germination media.
Germination medium: The substrate that seeds were placed on for the duration of the germination experiment.
Incubator conditions:
Photoperiod: The duration of light exposure that the seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Thermoperiod: The constant or diurnal temperatures that seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Winter conditions: 15°C 20 h (3am→11pm); 5°C 4 h (11pm→3am) / 10 h light (8am→6pm); 14 h dark (6pm→8am)
Spring/Autumn conditions: 22°C 12 h (8am→8pm); 10°C 12 h (8pm→8am) / 12 h light (8am→8pm); 12 h dark (8pm→8am)
Summer conditions: 30°C 14 h (6am→8pm); 15°C 10 h (8pm→6am) / 14 h light (6am→8pm); 10 h dark (8pm→6am)

Fleurieu (KAN02)	Kanmantoo	Endangered (IUCN: VU D2) [Kuitpo forest area; blackberries, grazed]
Mount Lofty Ranges (FLB01)	Flinders Lofty Block	Endangered (IUCN: EN B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v); D) (Probable Decline) [(no records) Jupiter Ck; blackberry a threat]
St Vincent (EYB02)	Eyre Yorke Block	Regionally Extinct [extinct in region]