Hardenbergia violacea

Regional Species Conservation Assessments per IBRA subregion.

Least concern

Near threatened

Rare

Vulnerable

Endangered

Critically endangered

Extinct

Data deficient

Adelaide

Arkaroola

Ceduna

Coober Pedy

Hawker

Innamincka

Marla

Marree

Mount Gambier

Oodnadatta

Renmark

Wudinna

Keith

Yunta

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Botanical art

Kath Alcock paintings: 5.

Etymology

Hardenbergia, named after Franziska, Countess von Hardenberg, a 19th century Austrian noblewoman, patron of botany and a sister of Baron von Hügel who collected plants in Western Australia in 1833. Violacea, from Latin meaning violet colour, referring to the typical colour of the flower.

Distribution and status

Found in the southern South Australia from the Eyre Peninsula to the upper South-east, growing in drier open-forests and woodlands. Also found in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Native. Common in South Australia. Very rare in Tasmania. Common in the other States.
Herbarium regions: Flinders Ranges, Eyre Peninsula, Northern Lofty, Murray, Yorke Peninsula, Southern Lofty, Kangaroo Island, South Eastern, Green Adelaide
NRM regions: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges, Eyre Peninsula, Kangaroo Island, South Australian Arid Lands, South Australian Murray-Darling Basin, South East
AVH map: SA distribution map (external link)

Plant description

Scrambling or trailing perennial shrub with branches that twist around the stems of other plants. Leaves leathery, glabrous; ovate to lanceolate, to 10 cm long, arranged alternately along the stem on stalks to 4 cm long. Inflorescence in axillary clusters with violet (rarely pink or white) pea-flowers. Flowering between July and November. Fruits are dark brown flattened oblong pod to 50 mm long by 8 mm wide. Seeds are orange reniform seed to 4.2 mm long and 2.2 mm wide. Seed embryo type is bent.

Seed collection and propagation

Collect seeds between November and January. Collect mature pods, those turning brown that contain hard seeds inside. Place the pods in a tray and cover with paper to prevent seeds popping out and leave to dry for a week. Then rub the pods with your hands to dislodge the seeds. Use a sieve to separate the unwanted material. Store the seeds with a desiccant such as dried silica beads or dry rice, in an air tight container in a cool and dry place. From two collections, the seed viability was high, ranging from 90% to 100%. This species has physical dormancy that needs to be overcome for the seed to germinate (e.g. nicking or softening the seed coat).

Seeds stored:

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Location	No. of seeds (weight grams)	Number of plants	Date collected	Collection number Collection location	Date stored	% Viability	Storage temperature
BGA MSB	16,100 (215 g) 16,100 (215 g)	100	8-Dec-2004	DJD74 Eyre Peninsula	31-Mar-2006	100%	-18°C
BGA	1,540 (34.34 g)		18-Dec-2005	KHB16 Murray	7-Aug-2006	90%	-18°C

Location: BGA — the seeds are stored at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, MSB — the seeds are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew, England.
Number of plants: This is the number of plants from which the seeds were collected.
Collection location: The Herbarium of South Australia's region name.
% Viability: Percentage of filled healthy seeds determined by a cut test or x-ray.

Germination table:

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Date	Result	T0	T50	Pre-treatment \| Germination medium \| Incubator: Photoperiod / Thermoperiod
Mar-15	100%	7	14	seed coat nicked with scalpel; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Mar-15	100%	7	7	seed coat nicked with scalpel; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions
Mar-15	4%	14	NA	1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Mar-15	2%	21	NA	1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions

Result: Maximum percentage of germination observed.
T0: Number of days before first germinant observed.
T50: Number of days to achieve 50% germination.
Pre-treatment: The initial treatment that the seeds received prior to placement on germination media.
Germination medium: The substrate that seeds were placed on for the duration of the germination experiment.
Incubator conditions:
Photoperiod: The duration of light exposure that the seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Thermoperiod: The constant or diurnal temperatures that seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Winter conditions: 15°C 20 h (3am→11pm); 5°C 4 h (11pm→3am) / 10 h light (8am→6pm); 14 h dark (6pm→8am)
Spring/Autumn conditions: 22°C 12 h (8am→8pm); 10°C 12 h (8pm→8am) / 12 h light (8am→8pm); 12 h dark (8pm→8am)
Summer conditions: 30°C 14 h (6am→8pm); 15°C 10 h (8pm→6am) / 14 h light (6am→8pm); 10 h dark (8pm→6am)

Mount Gambier (SVP02)	Southern Volcanic Plain	Data Deficient
Bridgewater (NCP01)	Naracoorte Coastal Plain	Near Threatened [edge of range]
Tintinara (NCP04)		Near Threatened
Kangaroo Island (KAN01)	Kanmantoo	Rare (IUCN: RA d(ii))
Fleurieu (KAN02)		Near Threatened
Mount Lofty Ranges (FLB01)	Flinders Lofty Block	Least Concern
Broughton (FLB02)		Rare (IUCN: RA d(ii))
Southern Flinders (FLB04)		Rare (IUCN: RA d(ii))
Southern Yorke (EYB01)	Eyre Yorke Block	Least Concern
St Vincent (EYB02)		Vulnerable (IUCN: VU C2a(i)) (Probable Decline)
Eyre Hills (EYB03)		Least Concern
Talia (EYB04)		Least Concern
Eyre Mallee (EYB05)		Rare (IUCN: RA d(i,ii))
Murray Mallee (MDD02)	Murray Darling Depression	Rare (IUCN: RA d(i,ii)) [edge of range]
Murray Lakes and Coorong (MDD03)		Vulnerable (IUCN: VU B2ab(i,ii,iii)) (Probable Decline) [weeds a threat]

Mount Gambier (SVP02)	Southern Volcanic Plain	Data Deficient
2 of 4 subregions	Naracoorte Coastal Plain	Near Threatened
2 of 2 subregions	Kanmantoo	Near Threatened , Rare
3 of 6 subregions	Flinders Lofty Block	Least Concern , Rare
5 of 5 subregions	Eyre Yorke Block	Least Concern , Rare , Vulnerable
2 of 6 subregions	Murray Darling Depression	Rare , Vulnerable