Logania recurva

plant: Logania recurvata leaf DEM9234 Deep Creek CP

plant: Logania recurvata lf under DEM9234 Deep Creek CP

flower: Logania recurvata f DEM9234 Deep Creek CP

flower: Logania recurvata flr DEM9234 Deep Creek CP

flower: Logania recurvata fl DEM9234 Deep Creek CP

flower: Logania recurvata flwer DEM9234 Deep Creek CP

flower: Logania recurvata flwr DEM9234 Deep Creek CP

fruit: Logania recurvata fr DEM9234 Deep Creek CP

fruit: Logania recurvata frt DEM9234 Deep Creek CP

seed: Logania recurva DJD3699 Seed Deep Creek CP

seed: Logania recurva DJD3699 Seeds Deep Creek CP

dissected seed: Logania recurva Embryo 1

dissected seed: Logania recurva Cut Test

dissected seed: Logania revurva Viable Seed

dissected seed: Logania recurva Non viable Seed

Regional Species Conservation Assessments per IBRA subregion.

Least concern

Near threatened

Rare

Vulnerable

Endangered

Critically endangered

Extinct

Data deficient

Adelaide

Arkaroola

Ceduna

Coober Pedy

Hawker

Innamincka

Marla

Marree

Mount Gambier

Oodnadatta

Renmark

Wudinna

Keith

Yunta

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Botanical art

Kath Alcock paintings: 2.

Etymology

Logania, named after James Logan (1674-1751), an Irish born botanist who emigrated to North America, became Governor of Pennsylvania and wrote a book on the sexuality of plants. Recurva, from the Latin 'recurvare', meaning to bend back, referring to its recurved leave margins.

Distribution and status

Endemic to South Australia and found in the southern Mount Lofty Ranges growing in low Eucalyptus obliqua forest with heath understorey. Native. Uncommon in South Australia.
Herbarium regions: Southern Lofty, Green Adelaide
NRM region: Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges
AVH map: SA distribution map (external link)

Plant description

Erect shrub to 1 m high; dioecious; stems glabrous to minutely hairy. Leaves linear to narrowly ovate, narrowing at the base, to 40 mm long and 8 mm wide; glabrous to minutely hairy,;margins recurved to revolute. Inflorescence in terminal compact clusters with white unisexual flowers. Flowering between August and October. Fruits are orange-brown ovoid capsule to 6 mm long and 4.5 mm wide. Seeds are shiny black convex seed to 1.3 mm long and 0.8 mm wide, with a reticulate surface. Seed embryo type is linear, fully-developed.

Seed collection and propagation

Collect seeds between October and December. Collect maturing capsules that are fat, turning orange-brown in colour, have not opened and contain hard black seeds. Place the capsules in a tray and leave to dry for one to two weeks to split. Rub the capsules gently with a rubber bung to dislodge the seeds. Use a sieve to separate the unwanted material. Store the seeds with a desiccant such as dried silica beads or dry rice, in an air tight container in a cool and dry place. From three collections, the seed viability was high, ranging from 85% to 95%. Seeds have morpho-physiological dormancy. Germination was enhanced after treatment with fire cues (dry heat and smoke water) and gibberellic acid.

Seeds stored:

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Location	No. of seeds (weight grams)	Number of plants	Date collected	Collection number Collection location	Date stored	% Viability	Storage temperature
BGA	8,100 (1.95 g)	30	3-Dec-2007	RJB74289 Southern Lofty	19-Sep-2008	95%	-18°C
BGA	217,800 (47.03 g)	200+	30-Nov-2017	TST1388 Southern Lofty	30-Jun-2018	90%	-18°C, -80°C
BGA	34,000 (6.44 g)	30+	30-Nov-2017	DJD3699 Southern Lofty	24-Apr-2019	85%	-18°C, -80°C

Location: BGA — the seeds are stored at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, MSB — the seeds are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew, England.
Number of plants: This is the number of plants from which the seeds were collected.
Collection location: The Herbarium of South Australia's region name.
% Viability: Percentage of filled healthy seeds determined by a cut test or x-ray.

Germination table:

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Date	Result	T0	T50	Pre-treatment \| Germination medium \| Incubator: Photoperiod / Thermoperiod
Feb-18	88%	21	28	900 mg/L gibberellic acid for 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Feb-18	78%	21	28	900 mg/L gibberellic acid for 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions
Feb-18	66%	21	35	dry heat 100Â°C oven 15 min, 900 mg/L gibberellic acid + 10% smoke water for 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions
Feb-18	62%	21	35	dry heat 100Â°C oven 15 min, 900 mg/L gibberellic acid + 10% smoke water for 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Feb-18	52%	28	42	dry heat 100Â°C oven 15 min, 10% smoke water for 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Feb-18	42%	21	NA	10% smoke water for 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Feb-18	40%	28	NA	dry heat 100Â°C oven 15 min, 10% smoke water for 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions
Feb-18	40%	28	NA	10% smoke water for 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions
Feb-18	12%	35	NA	leached in water 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under spring/autumn conditions
Feb-18	2%	35	NA	leached in water 24 h; 1% agar; Incubated under winter conditions

Result: Maximum percentage of germination observed.
T0: Number of days before first germinant observed.
T50: Number of days to achieve 50% germination.
Pre-treatment: The initial treatment that the seeds received prior to placement on germination media.
Germination medium: The substrate that seeds were placed on for the duration of the germination experiment.
Incubator conditions:
Photoperiod: The duration of light exposure that the seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Thermoperiod: The constant or diurnal temperatures that seeds were subject to during a 24 hour period.
Winter conditions: 15°C 20 h (3am→11pm); 5°C 4 h (11pm→3am) / 10 h light (8am→6pm); 14 h dark (6pm→8am)
Spring/Autumn conditions: 22°C 12 h (8am→8pm); 10°C 12 h (8pm→8am) / 12 h light (8am→8pm); 12 h dark (8pm→8am)
Summer conditions: 30°C 14 h (6am→8pm); 15°C 10 h (8pm→6am) / 14 h light (6am→8pm); 10 h dark (8pm→6am)

Fleurieu (KAN02)	Kanmantoo	Rare (IUCN: RA d(ii)) (Probable Decline) [very little regeneration; comes & goes; smut attacks]
Mount Lofty Ranges (FLB01)	Flinders Lofty Block	Near Threatened (Probable Decline) [very little regeneration; comes & goes; smut attacks]