Caladenia macroclavia

Orchidaceae

Large-club Spider-orchid

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plant: Caladenia macroclavia p Denzel Murfet Yorke Peninsula

plant: Caladenia macroclavia pl Denzel Murfet Yorke Peninsula

plant: Caladenia macroclavia lf Denzel Murfet Yorke Peninsula

plant: Caladenia macroclavia lf under Denzel Murfet Yorke Peninsula

flower: Caladenia macroclavia f Denzel Murfet Yorke Peninsula

flower: Caladenia macroclavia fl Denzel Murfet Yorke Peninsula

flower: Caladenia macroclavia flr Denzel Murfet Yorke Peninsula

flower: Caladenia macroclavia flwr Denzel Murfet Yorke Peninsula

flower: Caladenia macroclavia clubs Denzel Murfet Yorke Peninsula

flower: Caladenia macroclavia flwer Denzel Murfet Yorke Peninsula

flower: Caladenia macroclavia bud Denzel Murfet YP

fruit: Caladenia macroclavia fr Denzel Murfet YP

fruit: Caladenia macroclavia frt Denzel Murfet YP

fruit: Caladenia macroclavia fruit Denzel Murfet YP

Regional Species Conservation Assessments per IBRA subregion.

Least concern

Near threatened

Rare

Vulnerable

Endangered

Critically endangered

Extinct

Data deficient

Adelaide

Arkaroola

Ceduna

Coober Pedy

Hawker

Innamincka

Marla

Marree

Mount Gambier

Oodnadatta

Renmark

Wudinna

Keith

Yunta

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Prior names

Calonemorchis macroclavia

Arachnorchis macroclavia

Calonema macroclavium

Etymology

Caladenia from the Greek 'kallos' meaning beauty and 'aden' meaning a gland, referring to the colourful labellum and the glistening glands at the base of the column that are present in many of the species. Macroclavia from the Greek 'macros' meaning large and 'clava' meaning club, referring to the large clubs on the sepals.

Distribution and status

Endemic to South Australia and restricted to the Yorke Peninsula, growing in fertile loamy soils in mallee and broombush. Native. Very rare in South Australia. Endangered under the EPBC Act.
Herbarium region: Northern Lofty
NRM region: Northern and Yorke
AVH map: SA distribution map (external link)

Plant description

Annual herb growing from an underground tuber, with a single oblong-lanceolate leaf covered in short hairs. Inflorescence on a long slender reddish stalk with one yellowish-green flower. Petals and sepals are broad at the base then tapering with central red strip with dark brown or golden tips. Dorsal sepal erect to incurved, lateral sepals thrust forward. The labellum recurved, green, white and crimson with margin fringed with long linear green teeth and 4 rows of large crimson club-shaped calli. Flowering between August and October. Fruits are pale-brown hairy, papery ellipsoid capsule containing numerous tiny seeds.

Seed collection and propagation

Collect seeds between October and November. Collect fat capsules as they start to dry and turn brown. Pods will split and release the seeds quickly and will require monitoring. To increase the chances of collecting mature pods, it is recommended that a small breathable bag (ie. Organza bags) be used to enclose the developing capsules. Place the capsules in a container that will hold fine seeds and leave to dry for a few weeks or until the capsule split. Then carefully hold the capsule and tap it gently to release the seeds. Store the seeds with a desiccant such as dried silica beads or dry rice, in an air tight container in a cool and dry place, refrigerator or in liquid nitrogen.

Seeds stored:

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Location	No. of seeds (weight grams)	Number of plants	Date collected	Collection number Collection location	Date stored	% Viability	Storage temperature
			20-Oct-2005	J. Quarmby Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			20-Oct-2005	J. Quarmby Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			20-Oct-2005	J. Quarmby Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			16-Oct-2005	J. Quarmby Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			20-Oct-2005	J. Quarmby Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			20-Oct-2005	J. Quarmby Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
		1 pod	1-Sep-2007	D. Ways Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			20-Oct-2005	J. Quarmby Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			16-Oct-2005	J. Quarmby Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
			16-Oct-2005	J. Quarmby Yorke Peninsula	1-Nov-2016	N/C	-80°C
BGA	2,800 (0.001 g)	1	24-Oct-2018	Muloowurtie CR Yorke Peninsula	24-Apr-2019	N/C	-18°C
BGA	6,100 (0.002 g)	2	16-Oct-2020	Wauraltee Beach Area Yorke Peninsula	28-Jun-2021	N/C	-18°C
BGA	90,200 (0.032 g)	4	16-Oct-2020	Muloowurtie CR Yorke Peninsula	28-Jun-2021	N/C	-18°C
BGA	778,900 (0.278 g)		4-Oct-2021	DJD4045 Yorke Peninsula	10-Aug-2022	N/C	-18°C, -80°C
BGA	455,300 (0.163 g)	41	2-Nov-2022	Wuraltee Yorke Peninsula	21-Jun-2023	N/C	-18°C, -80°C

Location: BGA — the seeds are stored at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, MSB — the seeds are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew, England.
Number of plants: This is the number of plants from which the seeds were collected.
Collection location: The Herbarium of South Australia's region name.
% Viability: Percentage of filled healthy seeds determined by a cut test or x-ray.

Southern Yorke (EYB01)	Eyre Yorke Block	Critically Endangered (IUCN: CR C2a(i)) (Probable Decline) [Not much more than 50 plants. ]
St Vincent (EYB02)		Critically Endangered (IUCN: CR D) (Definite Decline) [Taxonomic query. Sighted at Mona and Agery, not recently. Definite decline]